How can a public company go private when there are still shares out there?

With Twitter being a perfect example, how can a company go private if there’s still shares they need to buy back? Say for example 1 person buys 98% of the companies shares, but a person who holds 2% doesn’t want to sell or multiple share holders don’t want to sell, how can they be forced to take a buy-out?

I was looking this question up because I’m currently invested in a stock OXY where Berkshire has bought 21% of the public shares with a goal to buy 50%+ public shares. Anyways the only answer I found is the person or company has to buy majority of public shares and then will make a set-price to buy off the rest. So how can a company go private when they haven’t bought all the shares back or if a shareholder that for example, has 3,000 shares refuses to sell and wants to be a >1% shareholder? How is that legal to force them to sell when technically they own part of the company?



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